Rural architecture can be a powerful agent of change, shaping not just spaces but the way people live, connect, and experience the world. In Nepal, where nature and culture are intertwined, reviving rural architecture with modern amenities could hold the key to more sustainable tourism that benefits local people more. Nepal is gifted by nature and rich in cultural heritage, making it an ideal location for rural architecture that blends traditional knowledge with modern ideas. With the tourism industry directly employing about 1 million people and making up about 8% of the country’s GDP, the role of architecture and architects in developing tourism is crucial. Design and architecture are amazing tools to create a unique experience for visitors, according to Spanish architect Tomeu Esteva of Esteva i Esteva Architecture Studio. “Difficult destinations have beautiful hotels with design and comfort,” he said at an event in Kathmandu. Rural architecture holds a unique significance: it is more than a shelter and must reflect local identity, culture, and heritage. An area’s natural and cultural harmony can be upset by poorly planned development, but well-integrated structures can improve and revitalise the environment. Spanish architect Belen Moneo has designed hotels at elevations of 3,700m in her home country Spain that supply natural spring water spas. “Creativity in construction must be encouraged. Rural architecture always shows possibilities of what we can do better,” she explained. The use of natural products such as bamboo, local timber, straw, and rammed earth are in demand from customers who want a fresh eco-friendly look in the construction of rural architectural structures. Boutique hotels have gained popularity worldwide, with tourists favouring aesthetics, experience, and comfort over price. While creativity is essential in construction and architecture, incentives to build and use rural construction materials remain minimal. Moneo emphasises the significance of design and execution. Esteva helped design the Vana Retreat in Dehradun that focused on the natural environment, with the structure giving an elaborate aesthetic experience to visitors. Another example is Hotel Las Mercedes in the Dominican Republic, designed and constructed by Moneo and the company she co-founded Moneo Brock, respecting and revaluing the traditional architecture of the area. The Spanish ambassador to Nepal Juan Antonio March Pujol said, “The role of architecture and architects in developing tourism is crucial, not only in urban areas but rural settings as well.”
The concept of rural boutique hotels gained traction in Spain during the 1990s, particularly in regions like Majorca, with economic and environmental sustainability as the main focus. In Nepal, the stone homes of Mustang and Manang, bamboo and mud structures of the Tarai, and the Kathmandu Valley’s terra cotta tile skylines, graceful temples, and tranquil bahal courtyards are all examples of Nepal’s traditional architecture. Nepali architect Sarosh Pradhan has been working on the Brakka Village project in Manang Valley north of the Annapurnas. Other examples of this kind of rural architecture for high-end tourism are the Shinta Mani Hotel in Mustang and Khumbu Lodge below Mt Everest. Rural architecture is not easy, and sometimes more expensive. Inflation, energy efficiency, climate change, and increased costs of living pose obstacles to sustainable rural architecture. Esteva says faith and trust between client and architect is necessary for any project to be successful. He adds that architects must practice being humble, the process of designing always involves learning and not imposing their ideas on clients. Nepal is uniquely positioned for the growth of rural tourism due to its stunning countryside and internationally renowned traditions in holistic wellness. Creating infrastructure that is small, thoughtfully planned, and respects both tradition and contemporary hospitality standards is crucial. “Projects in Nepal can be made cost-effective by using materials from houses that have been brought down,” says Esteva. “Pilot projects involving local people and simple designing also helps the process.”
The growth of homestays in Nepal is a step in the right direction, but they are still a bit too rustic for the international traveller who also wants comfort and is willing to pay extra for it. Upgrading the facilities in homestays and ensuring that the architectural heritage of the locality is preserved using locally sourced building material could allow owners to charge more. Sangita Shrestha of Dwarika’s Hotel said, “Our effort is to build upon rural architecture by empowering local communities and using what is available locally. We can fine tune and encourage indigenous design and training.”
The vision goes beyond just boosting the economy, it is about building a future where tourism helps villages grow in a healthy and lasting way. Instead of using up resources, it gives back to the land and the people. It supports local communities by creating jobs, improving infrastructure, and protecting natural beauty. When done right, tourism can be a tool for preserving culture and nature, not harming them. Architects must see their work as more than just designing buildings, they also need to care deeply about people and places, especially in rural areas that can benefit the most. With global interest in sustainable and off-the-beaten-path travel increasing, Nepal stands at the cusp of a tourism transformation that values community-driven, eco-conscious hospitality. A mix of modern ideas and traditional knowledge could transform rural tourism in Nepal. The country’s stunning countryside, cultural heritage, and internationally renowned traditions in holistic wellness make it an ideal location for rural architecture that blends traditional knowledge with modern ideas. With the right approach, rural architecture in Nepal can not only provide a unique experience for visitors but also contribute to the country’s sustainable development and preservation of its natural and cultural heritage. The future of rural tourism in Nepal holds much promise, and it is essential to invest in rural architecture that values community-driven, eco-conscious hospitality.